X-Git-Url: https://piware.de/gitweb/?p=learn-rust.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fmain.rs;h=a4e4f1dafd8aad0114dad8d6612f04fe0d7abbfa;hp=058f8584cf31063cdef5dc9cd61a9daf38bfce00;hb=5ea5b879c2bc3b30ffe56d7806752bf727f98236;hpb=824fd4371bafc487163edf33cb58b05fc4b22971

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 058f858..a4e4f1d 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 mod word_utils;
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::{prelude::*, ErrorKind};
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+
 use word_utils::{first_word, second_word};
 
-fn main() {
+fn test_strings() {
     let s = String::from("Hello world");
     println!("first word: '{}'", first_word(&s));
     println!("second word: '{}'", second_word(&s).unwrap());
@@ -15,3 +19,174 @@ fn main() {
         None => println!("match: second word of '{}' does not exist", s2),
     }
 }
+
+fn test_vectors() {
+    let v1 = vec![1, 2, 3];
+    println!("statically initialized vector: {:?}", v1);
+
+    let mut v2: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    v2.push("Hello".to_string());
+    v2.push(String::from("world"));
+    println!("dynamically built vector: {:?}", v2);
+    println!("first element: {}", v2[0]);
+    for el in &mut v2 {
+        *el += "xx";
+    }
+    for el in &v2 {
+        println!("{}", el);
+    }
+}
+
+fn test_hashmaps() {
+    let mut scores = HashMap::new();
+    scores.insert("john", 10);
+    scores.insert("mary", 20);
+
+    println!("scores: {:?}", scores);
+
+    // hash map with .collect()
+    let persons = vec![("homer", 42), ("marge", 30)];
+    let collect_scores: HashMap<_, _> = persons.into_iter().collect();
+    println!("collect_scores: {:?}", collect_scores);
+
+    for (p, s) in &collect_scores {
+        println!("person {}: score {}", p, s);
+    }
+
+    println!("john's score: {}", scores.get("john").unwrap());
+    println!("jake's score: {}", scores.get("jake").unwrap_or(&-1));
+
+    // double scores
+    for (_, v) in scores.iter_mut() {
+        *v *= 2;
+    }
+    println!("scores after doubling: {:?}", scores);
+
+    // double scores of immutable hashmap (rebuild it)
+    let collect_scores: HashMap<_, _> = collect_scores.iter()
+        .map(|(k, v)| (k, 2 * v))
+        .collect();
+    println!("collect_scores after rebuilding with doubling: {:?}", collect_scores);
+}
+
+fn read_file(path: &str) -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    File::open(path)?
+        .read_to_string(&mut s)?;
+    Ok(s)
+}
+
+fn test_files() {
+    if let Ok(mut f) = File::open("Cargo.toml") {
+        let mut contents = String::new();
+        match f.read_to_string(&mut contents) {
+            Ok(len) => println!("successfully opened Cargo.toml: {:?}, contents {} bytes:\n{}\n----------", f, len, contents),
+            Err(e) => panic!("could not read file: {:?}", e)
+        }
+    } else {
+        println!("could not open Cargo.toml");
+    }
+
+    // alternative form, more specific error checking
+    let mut f = File::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        if e.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound {
+            println!("Cargo.toml not found, falling back to /dev/null");
+            // need to return a File
+            File::open("/dev/null").unwrap()
+        } else {
+            panic!("Could not open Cargo.toml: {:?}", e);
+        }
+    });
+    let mut contents = String::new();
+    let len = f.read_to_string(&mut contents).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        panic!("Could not read file: {:?}", e);
+    });
+    println!("successfully opened Cargo.toml with unwrap_or_else: {:?}, contents {} bytes:\n{}\n----------", f, len, contents);
+
+    // using the '?' operator
+    match read_file("Cargo.toml") {
+        Ok(s) => println!("Cargo.toml contents:\n{}\n-------------", s),
+        Err(e) => println!("Could not open Cargo.toml: {:?}", e)
+    }
+
+    // using std API
+    match fs::read_to_string("Cargo.toml") {
+        Ok(s) => println!("Cargo.toml contents:\n{}\n-------------", s),
+        Err(e) => println!("Could not open Cargo.toml: {:?}", e)
+    }
+}
+
+// needs Copy trait, good for simple types
+fn largest<T: PartialOrd + Copy>(list: &[T]) -> T {
+    let mut result = list[0];
+    for &i in list {
+        if i > result {
+            result = i;
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+// expensive for large strings, don't use that
+fn largest_clone<T: PartialOrd + Clone>(list: &[T]) -> T {
+    let mut result = list[0].clone();
+    for i in list {
+        if *i > result {
+            result = i.clone();
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+// good for everything, but more expensive for simple types
+fn largest_ref<T: PartialOrd>(list: &[T]) -> &T {
+    let mut result = &list[0];
+    for i in list {
+        if i > result {
+            result = i;
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+    if x.len() > y.len() {
+        x
+    } else {
+        y
+    }
+}
+
+fn test_generics() {
+    let num_list = vec![3, 42, -7, 100, 0];
+    println!("largest number: {}", largest(&num_list));
+    println!("num_list: {:?}", num_list);
+
+    let char_list = vec!['a', 'y', 'q', 'm'];
+    println!("largest char: {}", largest(&char_list));
+
+    let str_list = vec!["hello", "world", "blue", "planet"];
+    println!("largest str: {}", largest(&str_list));
+    println!("str_list: {:?}", str_list);
+
+    let string_list = vec!["aaaa".to_string(), "xxxxx".to_string(), "ffff".to_string()];
+    println!("largest string (with cloning): {}", largest_clone(&string_list));
+    println!("largest string (with ref): {}", largest_ref(&string_list));
+    println!("string_list: {:?}", string_list);
+
+    let s1 = String::from("abcd");
+    let l;
+    {
+        let s2 = "efghi";
+        l = longest(&s1, s2);
+    }
+    println!("longest string: {}", l);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    test_strings();
+    test_vectors();
+    test_hashmaps();
+    test_files();
+    test_generics();
+}